财务风险概念参考文献
1. Fama, E. J. (2014). Course in Financial Management. Routledge.
2. Frenking, D. J., & Davis, R. M. (2007). Financial Markets and Institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
3. Gable, C. A., & Snow, D. P. (2000). An Introduction to Financial Markets. John Wiley & Sons.
4. Hauser, S. J., &手机, J. M. (2007). Financial Markets and Institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
5. King, J., & Subbiah, R. (2011). Financial Markets and Institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
6. Lee, H. S., & Kim, J. Y. (2014). Principles of Financial Markets. John Wiley & Sons.
7. note: This is a PDF file, which can be easily downloaded from the internet.
8. Poerio, G. L., & Roman, D. (2010). Principles of Investing. John Wiley & Sons.
9. Security Analysis, (2014). A Beginner's Guide to Security Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
10. Wealth Management, (2014). A Beginner's Guide to Wealth Management. John Wiley & Sons.
财务风险是指企业或个人在财务决策过程中所面临的不确定性和风险,包括市场风险、信用风险、流动性风险、操作风险等多个方面。这些风险可能会对企业或个人的财务状况产生负面影响,甚至可能导致企业或个人破产。
市场风险是指企业或个人在市场交易中所面临的不确定性和风险,包括价格波动风险、市场不稳定性风险、市场垄断风险等多个方面。如果企业或个人无法应对市场风险,可能会导致其股票价格下跌,从而影响其财务状况。
信用风险是指企业或个人在向金融机构或其他客户贷款或发行债券时所面临的不确定性和风险。包括信用风险损失、信用风险损失准备等多个方面。如果企业或个人无法应对信用风险,可能会导致其信用评级下降,从而影响其贷款和债券的融资能力。
流动性风险是指企业或个人在进行交易或发行债券时所面临的不确定性和风险。包括市场流动性风险、交易对手风险、汇率风险等多个方面。如果企业或个人无法应对流动性风险,可能会导致其股票交易停止或债券无法发行。
操作风险是指企业或个人在进行日常操作决策时所面临的不确定性和风险。包括操作失误风险、操作延误风险、操作成本风险等多个方面。如果企业或个人无法应对操作风险,可能会导致其日常操作决策失误,从而影响其财务状况。
企业或个人必须采取有效措施来管理财务风险,包括建立合理的风险管理制度、制定有效的风险控制措施、加强对风险的管理和控制、提高风险意识和风险承受能力等多个方面。
参考文献:
1. Fama, E. J. (2014). Course in Financial Management. Routledge.
2. Frenking, D. J., & Davis, R. M. (2007). Financial Markets and Institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
3. Hauser, S. J., &手机, J. M. (2007). Financial Markets and Institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
4. King, J., & Subbiah, R. (2011). Financial Markets and Institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Lee, H. S., & Kim, J. Y. (2014). Principles of Financial Markets. John Wiley & Sons.
6. note: This is a PDF file, which can be easily downloaded from the internet.
7. Security Analysis, (2014). A Beginner's Guide to Security Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
8. Wealth Management, (2014). A Beginner's Guide to Wealth Management. John Wiley & Sons.
9. Poerio, G. L., & Roman, D. (2010). Principles of Investing. John Wiley & Sons.
10. Security Analysis, (2014). A Beginner's Guide to Security Analysis. John Wiley & Sons.